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Dr. Spotnik Technical Library 
Welcome to Dr. Spotnik's Technical Library!
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Acrylic fiber is thermoplastic (heat sensitive) similar to polyester and nylon, but is even more heat sensitive. Acrylic, because of its heat sensitivity, can be closely made to resemble wool, due to its high bulking power. In manufacture, stretched high shrinking fiber are blended in a yarn with unstretched low shrinkage fibers...
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Last Updated ( Tuesday, 20 November 2007 )
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About Sulfur Dyes There are many types of dyes and they vary widely in chemical composition. Sulfur dyes are classified as dyes that can be applied to fiber, yarn or fabric. The other types of dyes used are:
- vat dyes,
- azoic or ice dyes,
- direct dyes,
- developed or diazo dyes,
- basic dyes,
- acid dyes,
- chrome dyes, and
- dispersed dyes.
Sulfur dyes are insoluble in water and must be chemically treated to reduce them to a soluble form. When applied to a fabric, sulfur dyes oxidize when exposed to air and heat which convert the dye to an insoluble form. Sulfur dyes are used to dye cellulose fibers, including cotton, linen, and rayon. Sulfur dyes are comparatively low in cost and are largely used for production of goods in dull and darker shades. The range of shades which can be produced with sulfur dyes is limited to dull shades of yellow, brown, tan, khaki, green, maroon, blue, gray, navy and black. Any type of wearing apparel for men, women and children can be sulfur dyed. Household fabrics can also be sulfur dyed.
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Last Updated ( Tuesday, 30 May 2006 )
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AcetateFabric FactsAcetate fiber was designated in 1952 as a fiber different from rayon. Both consumers and drycleaners benefited from the Federal Trade Commission ruling because the characteristics of rayon and acetate are different. Acetate was the first man-made fiber to be used as a silk substitute. Acetate is widely used in blends with silk as well as with rayon, nylon and wool. Acetate blends are used in fabrics of satin, taffeta, velvet and crepe. Acetate is used in men’s and women’s wear such as shirts, blouses, slacks, jackets, skirts and home furnishings.
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Last Updated ( Friday, 26 May 2006 )
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Facts About Silk
Silk is universally accepted as a luxury fiber. The slogan “only silk” emphasizes its uniqueness. Silk is a continuous filament fiber produced by the silk worm. The look of the silk fibers can vary depending upon the production controls used. The different types of silk are:
- Cultivated Silk is the smooth fine fiber produced from silk worms that feed on mulberry leaves.
- Wild or Tussah Silk is a tan colored fiber from the uncultivated silk worm which feeds on scrub oak. Shantung, pongee and honan are fabrics made from wild silk.
- Duppioni Silk comes from two silk worms that spin their cocoons together. The yarn is uneven, irregular and large in diameter.
- Spun Silk refers to yarn made from staple fiber from pierced cocoons and waste silk.
Silk is used for a wide range of women’s garments, including gowns, dresses, separates, scarves and lingerie in both woven and knitted fabrics. Men’s garments include suits, jackets, sports shirts and ties. Silk is also commonly used in draperies, bedspreads, comforters and furniture covers.
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Last Updated ( Tuesday, 20 November 2007 )
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Suede and Leather Facts
Leather and suede continues to be a popular choice for consumers because of its unique feel and smell. Leather and suede can be defined as a fashion item having the unique qualities of being elegant, eternally chic and worn by rich and poor alike. Suede is produced from the inside of a hide or skin and is enhanced through buffing with high speed abrasive covered wheels. Leather is the outside of a hide, with the hair or wool removed. It exhibits a smooth appearance. Suede and leather can be made from a number of skins including sheep skin, shearling, pig skin, cowhide and lamb skin. The skins can be coated with a pigment or dyed directly into the skin with aniline dye. Smooth soft aniline dyed leather is referred to as naked skins or Cuir Savage. NuBuck leather is normally smooth leather which is buffed to produce a light nap. Suede and leather can be dyed or coated with any color including metallic. The skin dyes can be applied uniformly or antiqued with a mottled or erratic color pattern. Leather and suede is used for all types of women’s, men’s and children’s wear. The price can vary depending on the quality of the skin and styling.
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Last Updated ( Monday, 10 April 2006 )
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Facts About RedepositionWhen insoluble soil particles are released from fabric's while being cleaned, the soil particles are suspended in the solvent and picked up on the filter. However, before passing through the filter, loose soil particles may be attracted to a fabric in the wheel which results in an overall gray or dull appearance. Sometimes the redeposition will be limited in area to a streak or blotch. Not every garment in a load may be affected. Often, only one garment is affected. Resin finishes, which give fabrics easy care features, attract loose soil particles. Polyesters, nylons, acrylics as well as soft woolens when rubbed during dry cleaning become electrically charged and attract loose soil particles. Once attracted to the resin finish or electrically charged fibers, these particles cannot be easily released. |
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Last Updated ( Saturday, 28 July 2007 )
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